Galantamine treat alzheimer's disease

Product Name: Galantamine
Alias: Galanthamine
CAS: 357-70-0
MF: C17H22ClNO3
MW: 323.8145
Purity: 99%
MP: 119-121°C
BP: 439.3°C at 760 mmHg
FP: 219.5°C
Grade: Pharmaceutical Grade
Appearance: White Powder

Galantamine is used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and various other memory impairments, in particular those of vascular origin. In addition to uses in Alzheimer's disease, galantamine has been used to treat myasthenia, myopathy, muscular dystrophy, and sensory and motor dysfunction associated with disorders of the central nervous system. Research has indicated that galantamine may prove useful both in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning and in the treatment of autism in children and adolescents.

Side Effects

Galantamine's side effect profile was very similar to that of other cholinesterase inhibitors, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most notable and most commonly observed. One study reports higher proportions of patients treated with galantamine experiencing nausea and vomiting as opposed to the placebo group. Another study using a dose-escalation treatment has found that incidences of nausea would decrease to baseline levels soon after each increase in administered dosage. In practice, some other cholinesterase inhibitors might be better tolerated; however, a careful and gradual titration over more than three months may lead to equivalent long-term tolerability.

Sleep Aid Suvorexant/steroidmisty@ycphar.com

Product Name:Suvorexant
Alias:MK4305
CAS NO.:1030377-33-3
Molecular Formula:C23H23ClN6O2
Molecular Weight:450.92
Purity:99%
Appearance:White Powder
Grade:Pharmaceutical Grade

Suvorexant is a novel sedative hypnotic drug that is prescribed to promote sleep in patients with insomnia. It is a CNS depressant and blocks the binding of wake-promoting neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B to the two orexin receptors, thus, altering the signaling of orexin in the brain and suppressing the sleep-wake drive.

Description

Suvorexant is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and can impair daytime wakefulness even when used as prescribed. Prescribers should monitor for somnolence and CNS depressant effects, but impairment can occur in the absence of symptoms, and may not be reliably detected by ordinary clinical exam. CNS depressant effects may persist in some patients for up to several days after discontinuing Suvorexant.

Hypnotic drugs

Suvorexant is a new hypnotic drug developed by the US pharmaceutical giant Merck. Unlike other hypnotics, instead of being administrated on demand like general hypnotics (that is, they are taken only when needed), Merck's Suvorexant is a therapeutic drug, should be subject to long-term administration.

Orexins usually transduces a variety of sobering messages for the human body, being the culprit leading to insomnia. Suvorexant can block Orexins to send messages, it is helpful to better sleep.

Professor Andrew Krystal from the Center for Medical Research at Duke University said Merck's drug would become a new drug favored by patients.
Darryle Schoepp, the head of neurology and ophthalmology at Merck, says the drug is especially suitable for patients who have been unable to sleep all night and have received little benefit from existing medications.

Suvorexant, sold under the trade name Belsomra, is a medication for the treatment of insomnia.It is effective for insomnia, at least for four weeks and as compared to a placebo.

Insomnia Zopiclone Intermediates/steroidmisty@ycphar.com

Product Name:Zopiclone Intermediates
Chemical Name:6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one
CAS NO.:43200-81-3
Molecular Formula:C11H7ClN4O2
Molecular Weight:262.65
Purity:99%
Appearance:White Powder
Grade:Pharmaceutical Grade

Zopiclone (brand names Zimovane and Imovane) is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. It is a cyclopyrrolone, which increases the normal transmission of the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid in the central nervous system, as benzodiazepines do, but in a different way.

As zopiclone is sedating, it is marketed as a sleeping pill. It works by causing a depression or tranquilization of the central nervous system. After prolonged use, the body can become accustomed to the effects of zopiclone. When the dose is then reduced or the drug is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms may result. These can include a range of symptoms similar to those of benzodiazepine withdrawal. Although withdrawal from therapeutic doses of zopiclone and its isomers (i.e. eszopiclone) do not typically present with convulsions and are therefore not considered life-threatening, patients may experience such significant agitation or anxiety that they seek emergency medical attention.

Sleep Aid Tasimelteon/steroidmisty@ycphar.com

Product Name:Tasimelteon
Alias:Hetlioz
CAS NO.:609799-22-6
Molecular Formula:C15H19NO2
Molecular Weight:245.32
Purity:99%
Appearance:White Powder
Grade:Pharmaceutical Grade

Development
Tasimelteon was developed for the treatment of insomnia and other sleep disorders. A phase II trial on circadian rhythm sleep disorders was concluded in March 2005. A phase III insomnia trial was conducted in 2006. A second phase III trial on insomnia, this time concerning primary insomnia, was completed in June 2008. In 2010, the FDA granted orphan drug status to tasimelteon, then regarded as an investigational medication, for use in totally blind adults with N24HSWD.

On completion of Phase III trials, interpretations of the clinical trials by the research team concluded that the drug may have therapeutic potential for transient insomnia in circadian rhythm sleep disorders. A year-long (2011-2012) study at Harvard tested the use of tasimelteon in blind subjects with non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. The drug has not been tested in children nor in any non-blind people.

Effects

Tasimelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist. It works by targeting receptors in the brain that control the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. In clinical trials, totally blind individuals with Non-24 who were treated with tasimelteon slept longer during the night. Tasimelteon was also found to decrease the amount of time totally blind individuals with Non-24 slept during the day.

Tasimelteon is a selective agonist for the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, similar to other members of the melatonin receptor agonist class of which ramelteon (2005) and agomelatine (2009) were the first approved.As a treatment for N24HSWD, as with melatonin or other melatonin derivatives, the patient may experience improved sleep timing while taking the drug. Reversion to baseline sleep performance occurs within a month of discontinuation.

Sleep Aid CAS 73-31-4 Melatonine/steroidmisty@ycphar.com

Product Name:Melatonine
Alias:Melatonin
CAS NO.:73-31-4
EINECS:200-797-7
Molecular Formula:C13H16N2O2
Molecular Weight:232.28
Appearnace:White Powder
Grade:Food Grade

Sleep Aid

The hormone melatonin plays a role in your natural sleep-wake cycle. Natural levels of melatonin in the blood are highest at night. Some research suggests that melatonin supplements taken at the right time might be helpful in treating jet lag or other sleep disorders that involve poor alignment of your natural biological clock with the night-day pattern around you. Melatonin might also reduce the time it takes to fall asleep - although this effect is typically mild.

Melatonin is a natural hormone made by your body's pineal (pih-knee-uhl) gland. This is a pea-sized gland located just above the middle of the brain. During the day the pineal is inactive. When the sun goes down and darkness occurs, the pineal is "turned on" by the SCN and begins to actively produce melatonin, which is released into the blood. Usually, this occurs around 9 pm. As a result, melatonin levels in the blood rise sharply and you begin to feel less alert. Sleep becomes more inviting. Melatonin levels in the blood stay elevated for about 12 hours - all through the night - before the light of a new day when they fall back to low daytime levels by about 9 am. Daytime levels of melatonin are barely detectable.

Melatonin might be more effective for other types of sleep issues, such as delayed sleep disorder or other sleep disorders affecting circadian rhythm.

Side Effect

The most common melatonin side effects include:

Daytime sleepiness
Headaches
Dizziness
Other, less common melatonin side effects might include abdominal discomfort, mild anxiety, irritability, confusion and short-lasting feelings of depression.

Dosage

A typical dose for treating insomnia is 0.3 milligrams (mg) to 5 mg of melatonin at bedtime. Different medical conditions, and people of different ages, will require different dosages of the medicine.

Sleep Aid CAS 56-12-2 γ－aminobutyric acid/steroidmisty@ycphar.com

Product Name:γ－aminobutyric acid
Alias:GABA,Piperidic Acid
CAS NO.:56-12-2
EINECS:200-258-6
Molecular Formula:C4H9NO2
Molecular Weight:103.12
Purity:99%
Grade:Food Grade
Appearance:White Powder

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is a neurotransmitter that sends chemical messages through the brain and the nervous system, and is involved in regulating communication between brain cells.

The role of GABA is to inhibit or reduce the activity of the neurons or nerve cells.

GABA plays an important role in behavior, cognition, and the body's response to stress.

Research suggests that GABA helps to control fear and anxiety when neurons become overexcited.

Lower-than-normal levels of GABA in the brain have been linked to schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.

GABA Receptors

GABA receptors on nerve cells receive the chemical messages that help to inhibit or reduce nerve impulses.

Prescription medications called benzodiazepines bind to the same receptors as GABA. They mimic GABA's natural calming effects.

Diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan), are among the most widely prescribed benzodiazepinesfor insomnia and anxiety disorders. They slow down the body's central nervous system and cause sleepiness.

Benzodiazepines should be used only as prescribed. Taking too much can lead to shallow breathing, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak pulse, coma, and death.

Medications used to treat insomnia, including zolpidem (Ambien) and eszopiclone (Lunesta), work by improving the ability of GABA to bind to GABA receptors in the brain.

GABA Supplements

GABA supplements, taken alone or in combination with other ingredients, are marketed widely for use in treating depression, anxiety, and insomnia.

While a few small studies have suggested that GABA supplements may help to lower anxiety levels, there is little scientific evidence to support these overall claims.

GABA supplements may increase levels of the chemical circulating in the blood, but there is little evidence to suggest that circulating GABA can pass through the blood-brain barrier and increase GABA levels in the brain.